Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of skin cancer. Tens of thousands of new cases are diagnosed every year. Against the backdrop of traditional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, the role of natural compounds such as terpenes in the cancer-fighting process is being explored.
Terpenes found in cedar nut oil represent a promising category of natural compounds with potential anti-cancer properties, particularly in the treatment of malignant melanoma. Their ability to modulate signaling pathways, induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of angiogenesis open new horizons in the treatment of this disease.
Effect of terpenes on the body
Terpenes are organic compounds found in a large number of plants, including cedar nut oil. They serve plants for defense against pathogens and pests. Some of them have long been used in traditional medicine. For example, limonene, found in cedar nut oil, has antioxidant properties.
Mechanisms of anticancer action of terpenes
One of the mechanisms through which terpenes from cedar nut oil may exert anticancer effects is the ability to modulate various signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Terpene compounds can affect signaling molecules such as AKT and ERK, which play a key role in cell cycle regulation[1].
For example, beta-caryophyllene can inhibit AKT activity, leading to subsequent indication of apoptosis in melanoma cells. This sets the stage for the use of terpenes as adjuvant agents in melanoma therapy.
Induction of oxidative stress
Another mechanism through which terpenes may exhibit their anticancer effects is the induction of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress develops when cells produce an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These molecules can cause cellular damage, including DNA damage. In cancer cells, active exposure to flavored terpenes can lead to increased production of RFKs, which in turn initiates cell death mechanisms.
Terpene compounds[2] such as limonene and pinene are able to increase RFK levels, which may contribute to the selective killing of cancer cells, including melanoma. This effect is explained by the fact that healthy cells are less susceptible to oxidative stress, while cancer cells have higher levels of metabolic activity and may be more susceptible to damage.
Modulation of angiogenesis
Angiogenesis is another of the mechanisms of anticancer action of terpenes. It is a process of new blood vessel formation necessary for normal physiology, but in the context of cancer, it plays a key role in supporting tumor growth. Terpenes can disrupt angiogenesis, slowing tumor progression.
